- Describe five schools of thought in psychology.
- Name one or two individuals who created or furthered this way of thinking in psychology, and one key idea from each school of thought.
- Also name the time period it began.
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Five schools of though in psychology are as follows:
- PSYCHOANALYST:
This discipline was established by Sigmund Freud. His psychodynamic theory of the unconscious mind stresses inner conflict between the id, ego and superego. Indeed, unconscious functioning was first described by Sigmund Freud, who modified his theories several times over a period of almost 50 years (1889-1939) of attempting to treat patients who suffered with mental problems. He suggest that problems during the pre-puberty psychosexual stages of development cause emotional problems in adult life. Analysts interpret dreams, word associations and slips-of-the-tongue to access the unconscious mind. Similar therapies: Adler, Erikson, Fromm, Jung, Sullivan.
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2, BEHAVIOURIST:
Behaviorism began in the 19th center and Radical Behaviorists (early 20th century), who dismiss all mentalistic concepts and observe only external behavior. They attempt to control the ‘stimulus’ and record the ‘response’ of an organism (S-R Psychology). First, Behaviroism proposes that all organismic action is determined and not free. However, there are deterministic elements in much of psychology. Second, it is considered to be ‘anti-theoretical'[2], although this is a fundamental misunderstanding of the role of theory in a radically inductive scientific position, which rejects …
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