Assignment 5: Complex Humanitarian Emergencies
A Complex Humanitarian Emergency (CHE) can be defined multiple ways, however at the root of it, it is a crisis influenced by political, social and cultural factors that requires a multidisciplinary approach to solve. These emergencies are often a result of civil unrest, political uprising or, war, however they have significant public health consequences. One example of a current CHE is the crisis in Yemen. For two years, Yemen has faced violent conflict causing a man-made disaster resulting in severe economic decline, food insecurity and disease. About 21 million Yemeni people are in need of some type of protection or resources and about 60% of the total population is experiencing food insecurity (UNOCHA, 2017). Because of this civil unrest, the majority of the public works and health centers are no longer functioning which is increasing the risk of communicable disease transmission due to lack of sanitation and clean water. This is significant because of the incredible burden these people are bearing, both physically and mentally, and the fact that what’s left of their country is being torn apart on a daily basis.
One of the public health consequences resulting from this CHE is the outbreak of cholera. Currently, there are about 895,000 reported cases, and it is considered the fastest growing cholera epidemic ever recorded (UNOCHA, 2017). This outbreak is the result of little to no healthcare resources and the lack of sanitation and clean water. Less than half of all medical centers are functional and the few medical providers that are working have not been paid in months. The Yemeni people are also dealing with an incredible famine. The Global Acute Malnutrition rate is 31%, which is more than twice the threshold for emergency status (UNOCHA, 2017), therefore causing severe malnourishment and high youth and infant mortality rates which are completely preventable.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) estimates that the funding required to complete their humanitarian response plan exceed $2 Billion. Fortunately, they have raised $1.4 Billion, but the need continues to increase. The Humanitarian Response Plan identifies the top need as protection of civilians, followed by basic services and institutions and basic survival. Overall, the need for help stretches far and wide across the country of Yemen, and it seems that not one aspect of Yemeni life has been left untouched.
In conclusion, we can see by analyzing this complex humanitarian emergency that although it may not be a textbook public health crisis, the effects of it often lead to public health crises and should be treated as such.
References
Center for Disaster Philanthropy. (2017).Complex Humanitarian Emergencies – Center for Disaster Philanthropy. [online] Available at: http://disasterphilanthropy.org/issue-insight/complex-humanitarian-emergencies/ [Accessed 13 Dec. 2017].
Merson, M., Black, R., Mills, A. and Black, R. (2012).Global health. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Unocha.org. (2017).Crisis Overview | OCHA. [online] Available at: http://www.unocha.org/yemen/about-ocha-yemen [Accessed 12 Dec. 2017].
Unocha.org. (2017).CURRENT EMERGENCIES | OCHA. [online] Available at: http://www.unocha.org/where-we-work/current-emergencies [Accessed 13 Dec. 2017].
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