1-Negative affect, positive social situations, and emotional distress are triggers that account..

1-Negative affect, positive social situations, and emotional distress are triggers that account for the most common types of ______.

a) self-efficacy

b) decisional balance

c) confidence

d) temptation

e)cravings

2.Which of the following is the state of behavior change during which the individual is getting ready to make a change?

a) Precontemplation

b) Contemplation

c) Preparation

d) Action

e) Maintenance

3.Which of the following is the state of behavior change during which the individual is getting ready to make a change?

a) Precontemplation

b) Contemplation

c) Preparation

d) Action

e) Maintenance

4.Self-efficacy refers to:

a)The weighing of pros and cons of a behavior

b) The intensity of urges to engage in a behavior during stressful situations

c) Belief that the help of others is not necessary to achieve behavior change

d) Confidence about coping with difficult situations without relapse

e) Specific overt modifications in lifestyle and resistance of temptation

5.What is the best strategy to increase the impact of Transtheoretical Model programs?

a) Proactive versus passive recruitment of participants

b) Self-selection of participants

c) Revise the definition of efficacy/action so that it is easier to meet

d) Do not include any participants in the action or maintenance stage

e) Do not offer incentives to participants because they are not likely to complete the intervention steps

6.A flier on a college campus read, “Did you know that 76% of students report that they have not consumed an alcoholic beverage in the past 30 days”. This is a strategy to correct which of the following?

a) social support

b) self-efficacy

c) collective efficacy

d) normative beliefs

e) knowledge

7._____ are personal abilities for processing information, applying knowledge, and changing preferences.

a) cognitive influences on behavior

b) environmental influences on behavior

c) supporting behavioral factors

d) health enhancing factors

e) observational learning

8.High crime rates and a lack of sidewalks are examples of:

a) Environmental barriers

b) Instrumental support

c) Cognitive barriers

d) Opportunities

e) Observational learning

9.According to Social Cognitive Theory, behavioral capability is comprised of which of the following?

a) knowledge and skills

b) skills and behavior

c) attitude and beliefs

d) beliefs and skills

e) self-efficacy and social support

10.The CATCH study (pages 171-175 in your textbook):

a) Successfully modified short-term student behaviors related to food and physical activity, but found no effect in the three-year follow-up

b) Modified health behaviors in high-income students, but had no effect among low-income students

c) Successfully modified both short and long-term student behaviors related to food and physical activity

d) Did not include changes to the social environment

e) B and D

11.Social networks, social integration, and social isolation are all measures of:

a) Functional social support

b) Received support

c) Emotional and tangible support

d) Informational support

12.________ describes the particular functions served by social relationships.

a) social support

b) social networks

c) social integration

d) structural social support

e) functional social support

13.________ describes the extent of an individual’s participation in a broad range of social relationships, including active engagement in a variety of social activities or relationships.

a) social support

b) social networks

c) social integration

d) structural social support

functional social support

14.Effects of the stress and coping processes depend on…

a) context (e.g., controllability of the stressor)

b) timing and chronicity of exposure to the stressor

c) each individual’s characteristics

d) all of the above

A and B only

15.In an observational study of middle-aged and older adults, who were raised in low SES homes, people who employed a(n) __________ coping style were found to have a lower allostatic load.

a)Optimism

B) Benefit findings

c) Information seeking

d)Shift and persist

e)Denial